Swachh Bharat

What is Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

 

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a campaign by the Government of India to keep the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country's 4,041 statutory cities and towns and its rural areas clean.
Why it is needed?

1. Poor sanitation which has a significant impact.
2. Fecal-Oral Chain continues to contribute to
   1. Morbidity (condition of being diseased)
   2.Mortality(state of being subject to death)

Fecal-Oral Route:

Due to open defecation there are multiple causes that lead to consumption of contaminated air,water and food. When it is done over a period of time it leads to increase in the count of germs, bacteria etc.
Thus it leads to the contamination of
1. Hands(Which we use)

2. Insects or bees which carries germs

3.Contaminated land (due to the direct impact)

4. Contaminated water.

Thus again it forms an oral chain which leads to morbidity and later mortality.

Many researchers provided evidence for the death due to fecal-oral chain as said earlier in the form of
Poor sanitation leads to adverse health.

Long term impacts:

1. Stunting of children
2. Malnutrition
3. Mental issues.

Under 5(age) mortality rate:

1. UN analysed that around 1,17,000 of Indian Children under the age of 5 had died in 2015, due to diarrhea which is linked to poor sanitation.
2. WaterAid (an international charity) estimates that the Indian Economy loses 106 billion dollar per year an this leads to poor sanitation.

Who implements it?

• It is implemented by Ministries of Urban Development (MoUD) and drinking water and sanitation(MDWS).
• While the MoUD takes care of urban areas and MDWS takes care of rural areas.

Global Statistics :

Considering the global statistics of open defecation in the whole world about 60% of it done in India(which is a pity).

Components of Swachch Bharat:

1. Urban component
2. Rural Component

Urban Component:

The implementation in urban areas may differ between tier 2, tier 3 cities and so on as there are lack of public toilets even in that areas.
The objectives in the urban component as follows

1. Complete sanitation solution in all the statutory towns(4041 in India), eliminating open defecation,insanitary toilets and manual scavenging.
2. Breaking the age-old behavior of open defecation and campaigning the people about the importance of sanitation.
3. Provision of household and public toilets, proper solid waste management system.
4. Campaigning through Information, Education and Communication which is termed as IEC.

The mission aims to ensure that:

1. Eradication of open defecation
2. No insanitary toilets are constructed during the mission period.
3. Conversion of pit latrines to sanitary latrines.

Target group:

1. 80% of the urban population is the target group of the mission for whom all provisions are to be made as mentioned earlier.
2. Remaining 20% of it are catered by providing community toilets due to lack of space.

Sources of funding:

The estimated cost for the implementation in urban areas alone is 62,009 crores (INR). The government has initially funded with 14,623 crores and a minimum amount of 4,874 crores shall be contributed by the states or the state’s Urban Development body.

Rural Component:(Called as Gramin)

The objectives are

• Creating a genuine demand for sustainable sanitation
• Changing the attitudes and behavior of the people
• States have been given the right to design their own framework for implementation as it is a state subject.
• Also they have the right to use the incentives for building household toilets.

Past records:

RURAL-As per 2011 census about 113 million households do not have access to toilets and were defecating in open and 3.25 million households uses public toilets or community latrines.

URBAN-As per the same census 9.96 million defecated in open and 4.74 million uses public toilets.

But after the announcement in 2014 regarding SBM, we are on the right track as we able to achieve certain things it seems.

Solution:

1. Providing right toilets and user interface.
2. Treating and disposing of waste in a scientific manner.

Impact of this mission:

• According to QCI(Quality Council of India) report about 62.45% have access to toilets in rural areas and out of this people 91.29 % have used it in a right way(which is a huge achievement).
• about 4.54 crores of toilet have been constructed since its launch.
• 2,20,104 villages, 106 districts and 5 states(latest-Maharastra) have been declared as Open Defecation free(ODF)

Thus it is a prime duty of each and every citizen to keep their own places clean. Without our cooperation nothing could be implemented.
Lets make India clean…!!!

Jai Hind..!!!